LDCONFIG(8) | System Manager's Manual | LDCONFIG(8)

# NAME

`ldconfig` — configure the shared library cache

# SYNOPSIS

`ldconfig` | [`-mRrsUv`] [path ...]

# DESCRIPTION

`ldconfig` is used to prepare a set of “hints” for use by the run-time linker ld.so(1) to facilitate quick lookup of shared libraries available in multiple directories. It scans a set of built-in system directories and any directories specified on the command line (in the given order) looking for shared libraries and stores the results in the file /var/run/ld.so.hints to forestall the overhead that would otherwise result from the directory search operations ld.so(1) would have to perform to load the required shared libraries.

The shared libraries so found will be automatically available for loading if needed by the program being prepared for execution. This obviates the need for storing search paths within the executable.

The `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` environment variable can be used to override the use of directories (or the order thereof) from the cache or to specify additional directories where shared libraries might be found. `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` is a ‘:’ separated list of directory paths which are searched by ld.so(1) when it needs to load a shared library. It can be viewed as the run-time equivalent of the `-L` switch of ld(1).

`ldconfig` is typically run as part of the boot sequence. In addition to the built-in system directories, directories containing shared libraries may be specified via the `shlib_dirs` variable in /etc/rc.conf.local. See rc.conf(8) for further information.

The following options are recognized by `ldconfig`:

`-m`
  Merge the result of the scan of the directories given as arguments into the existing hints file. The default action is to build the hints file afresh. This option cannot be used with `-U`.
`-R`
  Rescan the previously configured directories. This opens the hints file and fetches the directory list from the header. Any additional pathnames on the command line are also processed.
`-r`
  List the current contents of ld.so.hints on the standard output. The hints file will not be modified.
`-s`
  Do not scan the built-in system directory (“/usr/lib”) for shared libraries.
`-U`
  Unconfigure directories specified on the command line or remove inaccessible directories from search path if no directories specified. This option cannot be used with `-m`.
`-v`
  Switch on verbose mode.

# SECURITY

Special care must be taken when loading shared libraries into the address space of set-user-ID and set-group-ID programs. Whenever such a program is run, ld.so(1) will only load shared libraries from the ld.so.hints file. In particular, the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` is not used to search for libraries. Thus, the role of `ldconfig` is dual. In addition to building a set of hints for quick lookup, it also serves to specify the trusted collection of directories from which shared objects can be safely loaded. It is presumed that the set of directories specified to `ldconfig` are under control of the system's administrator. ld.so(1) further assists set-user-ID and set-group-ID programs by erasing the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` from the environment.

# ENVIRONMENT

`LD_LIBRARY_PATH`
  Additional directories containing shared libraries, settable in the user's environment.
`shlib_dirs`
  Additional directories containing shared libraries, settable in /etc/rc.conf.local.

# FILES

/etc/rc.conf
/etc/rc.conf.local
/var/run/ld.so.hints

# SEE ALSO

ld(1), elf(5), rc.conf(8)

# HISTORY

An `ldconfig` utility first appeared in SunOS 4.0. It appeared in its current form in NetBSD 0.9A.

May 8, 2020 | Debian