Text::Wrap(3p) | Perl Programmers Reference Guide | Text::Wrap(3p)

# NAME

Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs

# SYNOPSIS

Example 1

            use Text::Wrap;
            $initial_tab = "\t";    # Tab before first line
            $subsequent_tab = "";   # All other lines flush left
            print wrap($initial_tab, $subsequent_tab, @text);
            print fill($initial_tab, $subsequent_tab, @text);
            $lines = wrap($initial_tab, $subsequent_tab, @text);
            @paragraphs = fill($initial_tab, $subsequent_tab, @text);

Example 2

            use Text::Wrap qw(wrap $columns $huge);
            $columns = 132;         # Wrap at 132 characters
            $huge = 'die';
            $huge = 'wrap';
            $huge = 'overflow';

Example 3

            use Text::Wrap;
            $Text::Wrap::columns = 72;
            print wrap('', '', @text);

# DESCRIPTION

Text::Wrap::wrap() is a very simple paragraph formatter. It formats a single paragraph at a time by breaking lines at word boundaries. Indentation is controlled for the first line ($initial_tab) and all subsequent lines ($subsequent_tab) independently. Please note: $initial_tab and $subsequent_tab are the literal strings that will be used: it is unlikely you would want to pass in a number.

Text::Wrap::fill() is a simple multi-paragraph formatter. It formats each paragraph separately and then joins them together when it's done. It will destroy any whitespace in the original text. It breaks text into paragraphs by looking for whitespace after a newline. In other respects, it acts like wrap().

wrap() compresses trailing whitespace into one newline, and fill() deletes all trailing whitespace.

Both wrap() and fill() return a single string.

Unlike the old Unix fmt(1) utility, this module correctly accounts for any Unicode combining characters (such as diacriticals) that may occur in each line for both expansion and unexpansion. These are overstrike characters that do not increment the logical position. Make sure you have the appropriate Unicode settings enabled.

# OVERRIDES

Text::Wrap::wrap() has a number of variables that control its behavior. Because other modules might be using Text::Wrap::wrap() it is suggested that you leave these variables alone! If you can't do that, then use "local($Text::Wrap::VARIABLE) = YOURVALUE" when you change the values so that the original value is restored. This local() trick will not work if you import the variable into your own namespace.

Lines are wrapped at $Text::Wrap::columns columns (default value: 76). $Text::Wrap::columns should be set to the full width of your output device. In fact, every resulting line will have length of no more than "$columns - 1".

It is possible to control which characters terminate words by modifying $Text::Wrap::break. Set this to a string such as '[\s:]' (to break before spaces or colons) or a pre-compiled regexp such as "qr/[\s']/" (to break before spaces or apostrophes). The default is simply '\s'; that is, words are terminated by spaces. (This means, among other things, that trailing punctuation such as full stops or commas stay with the word they are "attached" to.) Setting $Text::Wrap::break to a regular expression that doesn't eat any characters (perhaps just a forward look-ahead assertion) will cause warnings.

Beginner note: In example 2, above $columns is imported into the local namespace, and set locally. In example 3, $Text::Wrap::columns is set in its own namespace without importing it.

Text::Wrap::wrap() starts its work by expanding all the tabs in its input into spaces. The last thing it does it to turn spaces back into tabs. If you do not want tabs in your results, set $Text::Wrap::unexpand to a false value. Likewise if you do not want to use 8-character tabstops, set $Text::Wrap::tabstop to the number of characters you do want for your tabstops.

If you want to separate your lines with something other than "\n" then set $Text::Wrap::separator to your preference. This replaces all newlines with $Text::Wrap::separator. If you just want to preserve existing newlines but add new breaks with something else, set $Text::Wrap::separator2 instead.

When words that are longer than $columns are encountered, they are broken up. wrap() adds a "\n" at column $columns. This behavior can be overridden by setting $huge to 'die' or to 'overflow'. When set to 'die', large words will cause die() to be called. When set to 'overflow', large words will be left intact.

Historical notes: 'die' used to be the default value of $huge. Now, 'wrap' is the default value.

# EXAMPLES

Code:

      print wrap("\t","",<<END);
      This is a bit of text that forms
      a normal book-style indented paragraph
      END

Result:

      "     This is a bit of text that forms
      a normal book-style indented paragraph
      "

Code:

      $Text::Wrap::columns=20;
      $Text::Wrap::separator="|";
      print wrap("","","This is a bit of text that forms a normal book-style paragraph");

Result:

      "This is a bit of|text that forms a|normal book-style|paragraph"

# SEE ALSO

For correct handling of East Asian half- and full-width characters, see Text::WrapI18N. For more detailed controls: Text::Format.

# AUTHOR

David Muir Sharnoff <cpan@dave.sharnoff.org> with help from Tim Pierce and many many others.

# LICENSE

Copyright (C) 1996-2009 David Muir Sharnoff. Copyright (C) 2012-2013 Google, Inc. This module may be modified, used, copied, and redistributed at your own risk. Although allowed by the preceding license, please do not publicly redistribute modified versions of this code with the name "Text::Wrap" unless it passes the unmodified Text::Wrap test suite.

2025-01-28 | perl v5.40.1